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2009-03-17
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蒸压加气混凝土砌块施工要点 随着墙材革新工作的不断推进，加气混凝土砌块 加气混凝土条板 加气混凝土砌块 蒸压加气混凝土砌块已逐渐广泛地在建筑工程中使用，作为一种轻质、隔声、保温性能好的新型建筑墙材，蒸压加气混凝土砌块的应用有着良好的发展前景。但现实情况是：由于材料本身特性及施工因素，造成墙体施工后出现若干问题，影响了该材料的推广。现就对加气混凝土砌块施工中应注意的要点提出几点个人意见，望能起到抛砖引玉的作用。加气混凝工厂 等离子电视 等离子 目前，使用蒸压加气混凝土砌块施工较常出现的问题为：灰缝开裂、抹灰层的开裂、空鼓、渗漏、隔声效果降低等，要避免质量问题应对砌筑过程进行全程跟踪控制。 首先，从选材上要严格控制。液晶电视 大屏幕 液晶 变形缝 蒸压加气混凝土砌块的原材料主要为水泥、石灰、砂，粉煤灰等，是水泥混凝土制品，含有经水养护而生成的硅酸钙水化物胶体，水灰比大，胶结料多，骨料为空气，虽经蒸压，但收缩值目前根据成本因素只能控制在0.04%（万分之四）～0.06%（万分之六）范围内，比传统烧结粘土砖大，。而且由于原料和工艺条件差异阻火包 防火堵料 防火涂料，各厂家的砌块干缩性差异较大。为保证质量，应选取生产工艺成熟，养护条件好的厂家产品；尽量选择07级以上或抗压强度等级不低于5Mpa的产品，强度越高，其材料的密实度越好，一般来说，干燥收缩值也会减小；所选用的加气混凝土砌块的干燥收缩值要求不大于0.5mm/m，出釜后须保证有28天的养护期，才能上墙砌筑。由于通常加气混凝土砌块出釜5-7天的收缩率约占了总收缩的50%，如能保证在出釜28天以后才投入使用的话，防火涂料 阻火圈 钢套钢保温管 则可大大减少因为干缩引起裂缝的机会。 砌块进场后，要做好防雨措施。施工时砌块不宜露天堆放，尤其在春、夏两季，应堆放在有遮盖的地方；如条件所限只能在露天堆放时，应堆放在地势较高的地方，做好排水处理。 砌筑要求： （1）加气混凝土砌块的砌筑，必须严格遵守国家标准《砌体工程施工质量验收规范》（GB 50203—2002）技术指标要求。 （2）合理安排好工期，不可盲目赶工。如有可能，应尽量避免在常年雨季期间砌筑。 （3）砌筑砂浆宜选用粘结性能良好的专用砂浆铁皮保温 蒸汽管道保温 预制直埋蒸汽保温管 管道保温其强度等级应不小于M5，砂浆应具有良好的保水性，可在砂浆中掺入无机或有机塑化剂。有条件的应使用专用的加气混凝土砌筑砂浆或干粉砂浆。 （4）为消除主体结构和围护墙体之间由于温度变化产生的收缩裂缝，砌块与墙柱相接处，须留拉结筋，竖向间距为500～600mm（根据所选用产品的高度规格决定），压埋2Ф6钢筋，两端伸入墙内不小于800mm；另每砌筑1.5m高时应采用2Ф6通长钢筋拉结，以防止收缩拉裂墙体。 （5）在跨度或高度较大的墙中设置构造梁柱。一般当墙体长度超过5m，热力管道保温 热力工程 管道工程 自吸泵可在中间设置钢筋混凝土构造柱；当墙体高度超过3m（≤120厚墙）或4m（≥180厚墙）时，可在墙高中腰处增设钢筋混凝土腰梁。 （6）在窗台与窗间墙交接处是应力集中的部位，容易受砌体收缩影响产生裂缝，因此，宜在窗台处设置钢筋混凝土现浇带以抵抗变形。门窗洞口上部的边角处也容易发生裂缝和空鼓，此处宜用圈梁取代过梁。 （7）加气混凝土外墙墙面水平方向的凹凸部位（如线脚、雨罩、出檐、窗台等），应做泛水和滴水，以避免积水。 （8）砌筑前按砌块尺寸计算好皮数和排数，检查并修正补齐拉结钢筋。耐酸泵 氟合金泵 液下泵可在墙根部预先浇筑一定高度的与墙体同厚的素混凝土，目前常用的作法是砌两皮红砖，使最上一皮留出大约20mm高的空隙，以便采用与原砌块同种材质的实心辅助小砌块斜砌，挤紧顶牢。 （9）由于不同干密度和强度等级的加气混凝土砌块的性能指标不同，所以不同干密度和强度等级的加气混凝土砌块不应混砌，加气混凝土砌块也不应与其他砖、砌块混砌。 （10）严格控制好加气混凝土砌块上墙砌筑时的含水率。按有关规范规程规定，加气混凝土砌块施工时的含水率宜小于15%，对于粉煤灰加气混凝土制品宜小于20%。加气混凝土的干燥收缩规律表明灌注机 非开挖 顶管机，含水率在10～30%之间的收缩值比较小（一般在0.02～0.1mm/m）。根据经验，施工时加气混凝土砌块的含水率控制在10～15%比较适宜，砌块含水深度以表层8～10mm为宜，表层含水深度可通过刀刮或敲上个小边观察规律，按经验判定。通常情况下在砌筑前24h浇水，浇水量应根据施工当时的季节和干湿温度情况决定，由表面湿润度控制。禁止直接使用饱含雨水或浇水过量的砌块。 （11）每日砌筑高度控制在1.4m以内，春季施工每日砌筑高度控制在1.2m以内，下雨天停止砌筑。砌筑至梁底约200mm左右处应静停7天后待砌体变形稳定后，再用同种材质的实心辅助小砌块斜砌挤紧顶牢。 （12）砌筑时灰缝要做到横平竖直，玻璃隔断 办公隔断 颈椎病治疗上下层十字错缝，转角处应相互咬槎，砂浆要饱满，水平灰缝不大于15mm，垂直灰缝不大于20mm，砂浆饱满度要求在90%以上，垂直缝宜用内外临时夹板灌缝，砌筑后应立即用原砂浆内外勾灰缝，以保证砂浆的饱满度。 （13）墙体的施工缝处必须砌成斜槎，斜槎长度应不小于高度的2/3。 （14）墙体砌筑后，做好防雨遮盖，避免雨水直接冲淋墙面；外墙向阳面的墙体，也要做好遮阳处理，避免高温引起砂浆中水分挥发过快，必要时应适当用喷雾器喷水养护。 （15）在砌块墙身与混凝土梁、柱、腰椎间盘突出治疗 偏头痛治疗 关节炎治疗剪力墙交接处，以及门窗洞边框处和阴角处钉挂10mm×10mm网眼大小的钢丝网，每边宽200mm，网材搭接应平整、连接牢固，搭接长度不小于100mm。 （16）在墙面上凿槽敷管时，应使用专用工具，不得用斧或瓦刀任意砍凿，管道表面应低于墙面4～5mm，并将管道与墙体卡牢，不得有松动、反弹现象，然后浇水湿润，填嵌强度等同砌筑所用的砂浆，与墙面补平，并沿管道敷设方向铺10mm×10mm钢丝网，其宽度应跨过槽口，每边不小于50mm，绷紧钉牢。 | |
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2012-08-01 05:56
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